Plastics
Plastics are synthetic materials that are produced through chemical processes.
They can be divided into two broad categories: thermosets and thermoplastics. The distinction between these two categories lies in their chemical properties and behavior when heated.
Thermoplastics are plastics that soften and melt when heated. Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics do not undergo a chemical reaction when heated; they retain their chemical structure and can be melted and shaped repeatedly. This means that thermoplastics in a solid state can be heated, melted and cast or extruded into various shapes. When cooled they retain their new shape. Examples of thermoplastics are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyamide and polystyrene. Thermoplastics are widely used in various industries due to their moldability, low melting point and recyclability. For example, they are used in packaging, pipes, car parts, toys and textile fibers.
Thermosets are plastics that undergo a chemical reaction when heated, causing them to harden and become irreversible. This reaction is also called "thermosetting reaction". When a thermoset is heated, the molecular chains will cross-link, creating a strong and rigid three-dimensional network. This network ensures that thermosets do not melt or deform upon further heating. Thermosets are often used in applications where strength, hardness and dimensional stability are required, such as in the production of aircraft parts, electronic housings and composite materials.
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